This pillar will focus on the fundamental understanding of the processes, forcings and feedbacks in the climate system that set the magnitude, patterns, and timescales of climate change and variability. Both forcing of natural and anthropogenic origin will be considered at global, regional, and local scales.

The research is based on physical, chemical, geological, and biological processes important for climate change. We use field measurements and sample collection, laboratory analyses and experiments, monitoring incl. satellite data, climate models and atmospheric chemistry transport modelling of short-lived climate forcers.

Study areas include the North Atlantic and Arctic regions, with special focus on the Greenland, Faeroe Islands, and Denmark.